Uchiha Clan

The Uchiha Clan is one of the four noble clans of Konohagakure, and was also reputed to be the village's most powerful clan, producing shinobi that were exceptionally talented and battle-oriented. Members of this clan also possessed the renowned Sharingan. Together with the Senju clan, they founded Konohagakure. Since its demise, the clan has been reduced to a single nuclear family.

Abilities
The Uchiha were famous for their powerful chakra, exceptionally strong techniques, and natural aptitude for anything combat-related. The clan possessed an innate affinity for Fire Release nature transformation, with even the youngest of members able to use it from just observation. They have created several techniques and use this nature transformation more skilfully than any other. Their signature technique was the Fire Release: Great Fireball Technique. Clan members were not recognised as adults by the rest of the clan until they could successfully use this technique. The Uchiha were also highly known for their mastery of ninja tools. They themselves invented many shuriken move sets which required the use of thin metal wires, such as the Windmill Triple Blades technique. They were apparently also somewhat skilled in barrier ninjutsu, having created the Uchiha Flame Formation which, still holding to their natural affinity for fire, created a barrier that burned whatever came in contact with it.

The Uchiha clan were most feared for their kekkei genkai, the Sharingan. This dōjutsu gives them the ability to see the "colours" of chakra, allowing them to analyse and copy their opponent's skills, along with a number of other abilities. Due to the process necessary to awaken it, only a select few Uchiha manifested the Sharingan. Due to their natural affinity for battle, and their proficiency with genjutsu, many ninja considered it more tactically favourable to flee rather than face an Uchiha in one-on-one combat. Among the techniques granted by the Sharingan, Izanagi and Izanami are deemed to be forbidden, due to their effect of rendering the user blind in exchange for creating genjutsu capable of escaping death or trapping the opponent without failure. Various non-Uchiha have had the Sharingan implanted into them, as well.

Madara and Izuna were the first two Uchiha to awaken an advanced form of the Sharingan known as the Mangekyō Sharingan, which can be activated by experiencing a pain similar to the one needed to awaken a regular Sharingan. However, frequent use of the Mangekyō Sharingan deteriorates the user's eyesight and results in blindness. Only by taking the eyes of a close genetic match, such as a sibling, can one's vision be restored, a process that results in the creation of an Eternal Mangekyō Sharingan. Itachi indicated that the intricacies of the Mangekyō Sharingan were only discovered after decades of trial and error, implying that many Uchiha throughout history had attempted to gain the Mangekyō Sharingan.